433 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
433 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
# Cuneiform Transliteration and Normalization with Compact Diacritics
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#
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#-index-name: Cuneiform, transliterated, compact
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#-display-name: Transliterated Cuneiform braille with compact diacritics
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#
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#+language: akk-Latn
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#+language: arc-Latn
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#+language: cop-Latn
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#+language: elx-Latn
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#+language: hbo-Latn
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#+language: hit-Latn
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#+language: jpa-Latn
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#+language: oar-Latn
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#+language: obm-Latn
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#+language: syc-Latn
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#+language: syr-Latn
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#+language: sux-Latn
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#+language: uga-Latn
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#+language: xeb-Latn
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#+language: xhu-Latn
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#+language: xur-Latn
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#+type: literary
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#+contraction: no
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#+dots: 6
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#+variant: compact
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# Copyright (C) 2025, Eric J. Harvey
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#-license: lgpl-2.1
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# This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
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# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
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# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
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# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
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# This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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# Lesser General Public License for more details.
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# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
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# License along with this file; if not, write to the Free Software
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# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
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# liblouis comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
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# This table provides braille translation for the cuneiform languages
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# of ancient Mesopotamia, when represented in Latin characters.
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# This includes both transliteration and normalization (also referred
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# to as transcription).
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# This table uses compact definitions for diacritic marks developed
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# specifically for transliteration by the team named below. For a
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# transliteration table that uses diacritic marks as defined in
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# Unified English Braille, see cuneiform-transliterated.utb.
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# Currently, it supports text in Sumerian, Akkadian (i.e., Babylonian
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# and Assyrian), and Hittite. It also supports the alphabetic script
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# of Ugaritic. Beyond cuneiform, the table provides support for other
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# ancient languages in transliteration, including Aramaic, Hebrew,
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# Northwest Semitic dialects, Syriac, and Coptic.
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#
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# For information on the braille code, see:
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# https://www.duxburysystems.com/documentation/dbt12.5/languages/semitic_tbl.htm
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# For typographical conventions relating to transliteration and
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# normalization in inkprint, see the following:
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# Definitive guidance for all languages is found in:
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# The SBL Handbook of Style, 2nd ed. Atlanta, GA: SBL Press. 2014.
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# Online source for Sumerian:
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# https://cdli.ox.ac.uk/wiki/doku.php?id=sumerian:transliteration_and_the_diacritics
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# For Sumerian, Akkadian, and Hittite:
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# https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/doc/help/languages/akkadian/akkadianstylesheet/index.html
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# For Hebrew:
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# https://www.viceregency.com/Translit.htm
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# https://www.alittlehebrew.com/transliterate/
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# This table is based on a code created by a team of scholars
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# working together, including Ray McAllister, Eric Harvey,
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# Sarah Blake-LaRose, and Matthew Yeater, in collaboration with
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# David Holladay and Caryn Navy.
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#-author: Eric J. Harvey <eric@blindscholar.com>
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#-maintainer: Eric J. Harvey <eric@blindscholar.com>
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# Spaces
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noback space \t 0-0-0 tab
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space \x001b 1b escape character for html back-translation
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space \x00A0 a NO-BREAK SPACE <noBreak> 0020 NON-BREAKING SPACE
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noback correct "\x200b" "\s"
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include text_nabcc.dis
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include spaces.uti
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# Capitalization and Numeral signs
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capsletter 46
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begcapsword 46-6
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endcapsword 6-3
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numsign 3456
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# Basic Latin Characters
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include latinLetterDef6Dots.uti
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include latinUppercaseComp6.uti
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## characters used in Ancient Near Eastern Transcriptions
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# Right half ring and glottal stops
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letter \x02BE 56-26 ʾ
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noback letter \x0294 56-26 ʔ
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noback letter \x02C0 56-26 ˀ
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noback lowercase \x0242 56-26 ɂ
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base uppercase \x0241 \x0242 Ɂ ɂ
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#Combining hook above (Ugaritic vocalic alephs)
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lowercase \x1EA3 1256-1 ả
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lowercase \x1EC9 1256-24 ỉ
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lowercase \x1EE7 1256-136 ủ
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base uppercase \x1EA2 \x1EA3 Ả ả
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base uppercase \x1EC8 \x1EC9 Ỉ ỉ
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base uppercase \x1EE6 \x1EE7 Ủ ủ
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sign \x0309 1256 Combining hook above
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noback correct [$l]"̉" "̉"*
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# Ugaritic Glottal Vowels
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lowercase \xA7BB 1256-1 ꞻ
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lowercase \xA7BD 1256-24 ꞽ
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lowercase \xA7BF 1256-136 ꞿ
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base uppercase \xA7BA \xA7BB Ꞻ ꞻ
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base uppercase \xA7BC \xA7BD Ꞽ ꞽ
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base uppercase \xA7BE \xA7BF Ꞿ ꞿ
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# Left half ring and Voiced pharyngeal fricatives
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letter \x02BF 56-35 ʿ
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noback letter \x02E4 56-35 ˤ
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noback letter \x02C1 56-35 ˁ
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# acute accent
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lowercase \x00e1 23-1 á
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lowercase \x0107 23-14 ć
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lowercase \x00e9 23-15 é
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lowercase \x01f5 23-1245 ǵ
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lowercase \x00ed 23-24 í
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lowercase \x1e31 23-13 ḱ
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lowercase \x013a 23-123 ĺ
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lowercase \x1e3f 23-134 ḿ
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lowercase \x0144 23-1345 ń
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lowercase \x00f3 23-135 ó
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lowercase \x1e55 23-1234 ṕ
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lowercase \x0155 23-1235 ŕ
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lowercase \x015b 23-234 ś
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lowercase \x00fa 23-136 ú
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lowercase \x1e83 23-2456 ẃ
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lowercase \x00fd 23-13456 ý
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lowercase \x017a 23-1356 ź
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sign \x0301 23 ́
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noback correct [$l]"́" "́"*
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nofor correct "́"[$l] *"́"
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noback pass2 @23-46 @46-23 move after capital sign
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nofor pass2 @46-23 @23-46 move before capital sign
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# grave accent
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lowercase \x00e0 25-1 à
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lowercase \x00e8 25-15 è
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lowercase \x00ec 25-24 ì
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lowercase \x01f9 25-1345 ǹ
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lowercase \x00f2 25-135 ò
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lowercase \x00f9 25-136 ù
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lowercase \x1e81 25-2456 ẁ
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lowercase \x1ef3 25-13456 ỳ
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sign \x0060 25 `
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sign \x0300 25 ̀̀
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noback correct [$l]"̀" "̀"*
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nofor correct "`"[$l] *"̀"
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noback pass2 @25-46 @46-25 move after capital sign
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nofor pass2 @46-25 @25-46 move before capital sign
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# breve
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lowercase \x0103 12356-1 ă
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lowercase \x0115 12356-15 ĕ
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lowercase \x011f 12356-1245 ğ
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lowercase \x012d 12356-24 ĭ
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lowercase \x014f 12356-135 ŏ
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lowercase \x016d 12356-136 ŭ
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sign \x02d8 12356 ˘
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sign \x0306 12356 ̆
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noback correct [$l]"̆" "̆"*
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noback pass2 @12356-46 @46-12356 move after capital sign
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# macron
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lowercase \x0101 45-1 ā
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lowercase \x0113 45-15 ē
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lowercase \x1e21 45-1245 ḡ
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lowercase \x012b 45-24 ī
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lowercase \x014d 45-135 ō
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lowercase \x016b 45-136 ū
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lowercase \x0233 45-13456 ȳ
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sign \x00af 45 ¯
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sign \x0304 45 ̄
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noback correct [$l]"̄" "̄"*
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nofor correct "¯"[$l] *"̄"
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noback pass2 @45-46 @46-45 move after capital sign
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nofor pass2 @46-45 @45-46 move before capital sign
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# circumflex
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lowercase \x00e2 56-1 â
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lowercase \x0109 56-14 ĉ
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lowercase \x00ea 56-15 ê
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lowercase \x011d 56-1245 ĝ
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lowercase \x0125 56-125 ĥ
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lowercase \x00ee 56-24 î
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lowercase \x0135 56-245 ĵ
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lowercase \x00f4 56-135 ô
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lowercase \x00fb 56-136 û
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lowercase \x0175 56-2456 ŵ
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lowercase \x0177 56-13456 ŷ
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lowercase \x1e91 56-1356 ẑ
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sign \x005e 4-26 ^
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sign \x0302 56 ̂
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noback correct [$l]"̂" "̂"*
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nofor correct "̂"[$l] *"̂"
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noback pass2 @56-46 @46-56 move after capital sign
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nofor pass2 @46-56 @56-46 move before capital sign
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# Dot below
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lowercase \x1EA1 5-1 ạ
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lowercase \x1E05 5-12 ḅ
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lowercase \x1E0D 5-145 ḍ
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lowercase \x1EB9 5-15 ẹ
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lowercase \x1E25 5-125 ḥ
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lowercase \x1ECB 5-24 ị
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lowercase \x1E33 5-13 ḳ
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lowercase \x1E37 5-123 ḷ
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lowercase \x1E43 5-134 ṃ
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lowercase \x1E47 5-1345 ṇ
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lowercase \x1ECD 5-135 ọ
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lowercase \x1E5B 5-1235 ṛ
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lowercase \x1E63 5-234 ṣ
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lowercase \x1E6D 5-2345 ṭ
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lowercase \x1EE5 5-136 ụ
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lowercase \x1E7F 5-1234 ṿ
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lowercase \x1E89 5-2456 ẉ
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lowercase \x1E93 5-1356 ẓ
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sign \x0323 5 Combining dot below
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noback correct [$l]"̣" "̣"*
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noback pass2 @5-46 @46-5 move after capital sign
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# Line below (Macron below)
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lowercase \x1E07 456-12 ḇ
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lowercase \x1E0F 456-145 ḏ
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lowercase \x1E96 456-125 ẖ
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lowercase \x1E35 456-13 ḵ
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lowercase \x1E3B 456-123 ḻ
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lowercase \x1E49 456-1345 ṉ
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lowercase \x1E5F 456-1235 ṟ
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lowercase \x1E6F 456-2345 ṯ
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lowercase \x1E95 456-1356 ẕ
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base uppercase \x1E06 \x1E07 Ḇ ḇ
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base uppercase \x1E0E \x1E0F Ḏ ḏ
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base uppercase \x1E34 \x1E35 Ḵ ḵ
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base uppercase \x1E3A \x1E3B Ḻ ḻ
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base uppercase \x1E48 \x1E49 Ṉ ṉ
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base uppercase \x1E5E \x1E5F Ṟ ṟ
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base uppercase \x1E6E \x1E6F Ṯ ṯ
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base uppercase \x1E94 \x1E95 Ẕ ẕ
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sign \x0331 456 combining macron below ̱
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noback correct [$l]"̱" "̱"*
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nofor correct "̱"[$l] *"̱"
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sign \x0332 456 combining low line
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noback correct [$l]"̲" "̲"*
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noback pass2 @456-46 @46-456 move after capital sign
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nofor pass2 @46-456 @456-46 move before capital sign
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# caron
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lowercase \x0161 146 š
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noback always \x030c\x0073 146
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lowercase \x01ce 2356-1 ǎ
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lowercase \x010d 2356-14 č
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lowercase \x010f 2356-145 ď
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lowercase \x011b 2356-15 ě
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lowercase \x01e7 2356-1245 ǧ
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lowercase \x01d0 2356-24 ǐ
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lowercase \x01f0 2356-245 ǰ
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lowercase \x01e9 2356-13 ǩ
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lowercase \x013e 2356-123 ľ
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lowercase \x0148 2356-1345 ň
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lowercase \x01d2 2356-135 ǒ
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lowercase \x0159 2356-1235 ř
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lowercase \x0165 2356-2345 ť
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lowercase \x01d4 2356-136 ǔ
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lowercase \x017e 2356-1356 ž
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sign \x02c7 2356 ˇ
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sign \x030c 2356 ̌
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noback correct [$l]"̌" "̌"*
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noback pass2 @2356-46 @46-2356 move after capital sign
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# Breve below
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lowercase \x1E2B 2356-125 ḫ
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base uppercase \x1E2A \x1E2B Ḫḫ
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# Dot above
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lowercase \x0121 4-1245 ġ
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base uppercase \x0120 \x0121 Ġ ġ
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sign \x0307 4
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noback correct [$l]"̇" "̇"*
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# Other characters
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lowercase \x0142 4-16-123 ł
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lowercase \x00f8 4-16-135 Øø
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lowercase \x014b 45-1345 ŋ
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lowercase \x0259 3 ə schwa e must be before \x018e and \x04d8
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lowercase \x01dd 3 ǝ turned e
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# Numeric Symbols
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noback digit 0 356
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noback digit 1 2
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noback digit 2 23
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noback digit 3 25
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noback digit 4 256
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noback digit 5 26
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noback digit 6 235
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noback digit 7 2356
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noback digit 8 236
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noback digit 9 35
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litdigit 0 245
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litdigit 1 1
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litdigit 2 12
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litdigit 3 14
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litdigit 4 145
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litdigit 5 15
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litdigit 6 124
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litdigit 7 1245
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litdigit 8 125
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litdigit 9 24
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noback digit \x2080 245 ₀ (SUBSCRIPT)
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noback digit \x2081 1 ₁ (SUBSCRIPT)
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noback digit \x2082 12 ₂ )SUBSCRIPT)
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noback digit \x2083 14 ₃ (SUBSCRIPT)
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noback digit \x2084 145 ₄ (SUBSCRIPT)
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noback digit \x2085 15 ₅ (SUBSCRIPT)
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noback digit \x2086 124 ₆ (SUBSCRIPT)
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noback digit \x2087 1245 ₇ (SUBSCRIPT)
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noback digit \x2088 125 ₈ (SUBSCRIPT)
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noback digit \x2089 24 ₉ (SUBSCRIPT)
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noback litdigit \x2080 245 ₀ (SUBSCRIPT)
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noback litdigit \x2081 1 ₁ (SUBSCRIPT)
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noback litdigit \x2082 12 ₂ )SUBSCRIPT)
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noback litdigit \x2083 14 ₃ (SUBSCRIPT)
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noback litdigit \x2084 145 ₄ (SUBSCRIPT)
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noback litdigit \x2085 15 ₅ (SUBSCRIPT)
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noback litdigit \x2086 124 ₆ (SUBSCRIPT)
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noback litdigit \x2087 1245 ₇ (SUBSCRIPT)
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noback litdigit \x2088 125 ₈ (SUBSCRIPT)
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noback litdigit \x2089 24 ₉ (SUBSCRIPT)
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nofor always \x2080 3456-6-245 ₀ (SUBSCRIPT)
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nofor always \x2081 3456-6-1 ₁ (SUBSCRIPT)
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nofor always \x2082 3456-6-12 ₂ )SUBSCRIPT)
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nofor always \x2083 3456-6-14 ₃ (SUBSCRIPT)
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nofor always \x2084 3456-6-145 ₄ (SUBSCRIPT)
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nofor always \x2085 3456-6-15 ₅ (SUBSCRIPT)
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nofor always \x2086 3456-6-124 ₆ (SUBSCRIPT)
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nofor always \x2087 3456-6-1245 ₇ (SUBSCRIPT)
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nofor always \x2088 3456-6-125 ₈ (SUBSCRIPT)
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nofor always \x2089 3456-6-24 ₉ (SUBSCRIPT)
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## Punctuation
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# Parentheses and Brackets
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punctuation ( 5-126
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nofor prepunc ( 5-126
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punctuation ) 5-345
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postpunc ) 5-345
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punctuation [ 46-126
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nofor prepunc [ 46-126
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punctuation ] 46-345
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nofor postpunc ] 46-345
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punctuation \x2e22 4-126 ⸢ top left half bracket
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nofor prepunc \x2e22 4-126 ⸢ top left half bracket
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punctuation \x2e23 4-345 ⸣ top right half bracket
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nofor postpunc \x2e23 4-345 ⸣ top right half bracket
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punctuation \x2e24 6-126 ⸤ bottom left half bracket
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nofor prepunc \x2e24 6-126 ⸤ bottom left half bracket
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punctuation \x2e25 6-345 ⸥ bottom right half bracket
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nofor postpunc \x2e25 6-345 ⸥ bottom right half bracket
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punctuation \x2308 4-126 ⌈
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nofor prepunc \x2308 4-126 ⌈
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punctuation \x2309 4-345 ⌉
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nofor postpunc \x2309 4-345 ⌉
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punctuation \x230a 6-126 ⌊
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nofor prepunc \x230a 6-126 ⌊
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punctuation \x230b 6-345 ⌋
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nofor postpunc \x230b 6-345 ⌋
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# Included character definitions
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include en-ueb-chardefs.uti
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# Correct Capital letter back translation
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nofor context @46-1 "A"
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nofor context @46-12 "B"
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nofor context @46-145 "D"
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nofor context @46-15 "E"
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nofor context @46-124 "F"
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nofor context @46-1245 "G"
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nofor context @46-24 "I"
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nofor context @46-13 "K"
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nofor context @46-123 "L"
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nofor context @46-134 "M"
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nofor context @46-1345 "N"
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nofor context @46-1346 "X"
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nofor context @46-135 "O"
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nofor context @46-1234 "P"
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nofor context @46-1235 "R"
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nofor context @46-234 "S"
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nofor context @46-2345 "T"
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nofor context @46-136 "U"
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nofor context @46-2456 "W"
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nofor context @46-13456 "Y"
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nofor context @46-1356 "Z"
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